![]() ![]() in Chemistry Beyond Chlorine (eds Tundo, P., He, L.-N., Lokteva, E. Improvements in the production of phosphine. in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Wiley, 2000) But PH 3 is a very toxic pyrophoric chemical reagent that is only produced in 62% yield in the process described above and, in many cases, this reaction is not as straightforward in practice as it may seem.īorger, J. In this respect, PH 3 performs better because it allows - at least in principle - the hydrophosphination of unsaturated reagents according to PH 3 + 3A=B → P(A–BH) 3, making the reaction atom-efficient. The white form of the element, unlike the others, is extremely. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves in some organic solvents. In impure form, containing traces of red phosphorus, it often has a yellow color and is sometimes called yellow phosphorus. Subsequent reactions of PCl n with nucleophiles produce large amounts of chloride salts, which need laborious and costly recycling 4. It is a white, waxy solid that melts at 111.2☏ (44☌) and boils at 536☏ (280☌). ![]() On a large scale this is currently achieved oxidatively by reaction 2 of P 4 with chlorine gas to give PCl 3 or PCl 5, or by acid-catalysed disproportion 3 (2P 4 + 12H 2O + H + → 5PH 3 + 3H 3PO 4 + H +) to produce PH 3. Most industrially relevant OPCs contain only one phosphorus atom, meaning that the six P–P bonds in P 4 must be broken to obtain useful P 1 building blocks. Making the best possible use of it is of central concern in modern sustainable phosphorus chemistry 1. White phosphorus is a highly valuable product from which all organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are currently prepared. The annual production of elemental white phosphorus, P 4, amounts to ∼1 million tons per year and requires the reduction of phosphate, which is an immensely energy-consuming process. ![]()
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